resilience Apparel sector in urgent discussions with Government on FTAs to boost exports
With fears of a global economic recession looming, the Joint Apparel Association Forum (JAAF) is actively stepping up engagement with top Government and Foreign Ministry officials to expedite negotiations on Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) to help boost exports and strengthen the industry’s resilience.
Elaborating on the progress thus far, Deputy Chairman of JAAF and Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director of Omega Line Felix Fernando outlined key priorities for the industry moving forward. Following are excerpts:
Q: What progress has been made in engaging with the Government to address challenges faced by the apparel sector?
A: There has been strong progress made and we are appreciative that the Government has given weight to our concerns. Most recently, we had separate meetings with the Secretary to the President, the Prime Minister and President. During these meetings, we voiced our concerns over the various challenges faced by the industry resulting from both local and global volatility.
In fact, even in August, we saw a 20% increase in turnover generated by the sector. If this trend continues, we anticipate apparel sector earnings to increase to approximately USD 5.6 billion by the end of 2022.
However, it is difficult to anticipate industry performance moving into 2023, given the geo-political tensions and economic volatility created by the situation in Europe – which is home to many of Sri Lanka’s most valuable markets. Currently, the US, EU and the UK comprise about 86% of our total exports.
In such a challenging environment, it is essential for Sri Lankan apparel entities to diversify their markets. Hence a central focus for our discussions with Government has been the urgent need to finalize FTAs with countries like China, India, Japan and Australia.
,JAAF was pleased to note that the Secretary to the Prime Minister has been appointed to head a task force to expedite the Chinese FTA, and we are already seeing promising signs of progress. We are also pleased to note that JAAF has already been called in for these discussions although they remain at a preliminary stage at present.
Q: What role will economic reforms play in the apparel sector’s ongoing revival?
A: Fundamentalreform in economic policy is absolutely critical. Sri Lanka is a small country with 22 million people, which means we simply cannot generate the economies of scale necessary to directly produce everything we require within a closed economy – especially if we hope to continue having access to quality and reasonably priced goods.
Therefore we have to focus on export development in order to fund imports of commodities and goods imperative to keep our economy moving. Fortunately, the Government and the industry are in complete agreement on this point.
We also have must remember that at present, Sri Lanka is not competing on a level playing field. Our main competitors, countries like Bangladesh, Vietnam, and some African nations have duty concessions in global markets, which we do not have. Sri Lanka’s only concessions are for the UK and the EU markets, and those come coupled with a variety of strict conditions pertaining to the origin of raw materials which means that utilisation of these preferences remain around 50% for apparel.
Securing new FTAs can help reduce barriers for Sri Lankan apparel exporters to diversify, hence the Chinese FTA is our first priority. We hope to gain clarity on a timeline for these negotiations from the Department of Commerce in the coming weeks, but further progress will also depend on our sovereign debt restructuring negotiations with China.
Further trade concessions will help to better integrate Sri Lanka with regional markets. If for example we are able to penetrate the Indian market, even 10% would be equivalent to 100 million people, where we are presently limited to supplying just 8 million pieces. JAAF has reiterated its request to have this quota increased. There’s also opportunities to lobby for the including of apparel into the new round of Canada’s GPT+ scheme. To move forward on such opportunities, we definitely require the support of the Government and diplomatic corps.
Q: How have import restrictions impacted the apparel industry- especially in terms of the raw materials needed?
A: As the sector was permitted to use its foreign remittances for the purpose of payment for imported raw materials, for the most part, the industry was able to meet its requirements without an issue. The export figures for recent months bear testament to the industry’s ability to deliver during this difficult period.. However, the crisis also meant a significant tightening of financing and this has been particularly challenging for the SME sector as they operate on small margins, and mainly provide support services to the main exporters. This is a sector which provides livelihoods for approximately 40,000 people, hence it is critical that we support them.
In many instances, they lack the working capital and foreign currency needed to purchase machinery and spare parts in order to expand capacity to service larger orders. Despite all the struggles faced, SMEs are still surviving for now, but without formal programmes to support them, this may not last.
Most SMEs depend on the larger exporters and manufacturers. Once their orders are cut down, SME orders also decline. With the higher cost of living in Sri Lanka, salaries have also been adjusted across the apparel industry, but with orders declining, employees may see a reduction in earnings, impacted by the decrease of production incentives and overtime. This will affect employees’ monthly earnings and we need to be conscious of the cascading potential social impacts this could have, as their buying power is also weakened.
Q: How would an economic downturn impact orders from the US and EU moving forward?
A: Both markets last year recorded strong sales. But they may have overestimated demand as most buyers’ inventories are still full. Thus, they don’t want to restock for at least another 4 to 6 months.
Recently, the US increased its lending rates by 0.75%, and there is a possibility that certain commodity prices might decline. If that happens, this whole situation can change, but it’s still too early to predict.
Logistics and energy costs increased exponentially not just in the US but also in the EU, primarily due to the Ukraine war. If these issues ease by December, orders may pick up. But this is a global issue and not unique to Sri Lanka. Although the first 8 months of the year had a growth in exports, we envisage a decline in our apparel exports by 25-30% for the remainder of 2022.
This is the reason it is crucially important for the Government to be proactive about FTAs, as with easier access to these markets, exporters would be more competitive. We expect help from the Government in these areas to help exporters.
We also need more Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) to increase export turnover and capacity. The Government needs to step up and face a range of issues if we are to achieve these targets. We understand the Government is under severe pressure from the IMF to increase revenue, but we are concerned by the move away from a dual rate that motivated the export sector, leading to an increased corporate taxation for exporters at the standard rate of 30%, which is double from the earlier rate. The argument is that no sector should be given priority, but applying one rule to all is not feasible. At this present time, the country needs the foreign exchange and that comes through with exports. What should be understood is that exporters shouldn’t be discouraged with unrealistic conditions which don’t look at the cascading impact on the macro picture.
Zwar kommt dies selten vor, jedoch können manche Menschen auf bestimmte Kräuter oder Nahrungsergänzungsmittel allergisch reagieren. Daher empfiehlt es sich, vor der Einnahme neuer
Kräuter oder Nahrungsergänzungsmittel stets mit einem Arzt zu sprechen. Sie können keinen definitiven Kausalzusammenhang zwischen der Nahrungsaufnahme und einem niedrigen Testosteronspiegel herstellen. Sie liefern jedoch
Beweise dafür, dass eine vollwertige Ernährung
mit viel Gemüse und magerem Eiweiß mit einer besseren Hodenfunktion sowie einem höheren Testosteronspiegel
einhergeht.
Der Testosteronspiegel kann durch Gewichtsabnahme und Sport oftmals erhöht werden. Die
Häufigkeit eines Testosteronmangels liegt bei Menschen mit
Übergewicht oder Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 bei
rund 50%. Die Neigung zu Konzentrationsschwäche, Reizbarkeit und Depressionen wird mit einem niedrigen Testosteronspiegel in Verbindung gebracht.
Ein niedriger Testosteronspiegel kann zu einer Verkleinerung der Hoden führen. Das Erreichen oder Aufrechterhalten einer Erektion kann durch einen niedrigen Testosteronspiegel erschwert sein. Ein niedriger Testosteronspiegel geht häufig mit einem verminderten Sexualtrieb einher.
Der Testosteronspiegel erreicht seinen Höhepunkt, wenn Männer in der Pubertät oder im frühen Erwachsenenalter sind.
Der Rückgang des Testosteronspiegels führt zu geringem Sexualtrieb, Erektionsstörungen, Depressionen, verminderter Muskelmasse und einem niedrigeren Energieniveau.
Eine Ernährungsumstellung ist eine der effektivsten Möglichkeiten, einen gesunden Testosteronspiegel aufrechtzuerhalten. SHBG ist eine Proteinart,
die an Testosteron bindet, was zu einer Abnahme des freien Testosteronspiegels in Ihrem Körper führen kann.
Bockshornklee (Trigonella foenum-graecum) ist ein vielseitiges Heilkraut,
das traditionell in verschiedenen Kulturen verwendet wurde
und auch in der modernen Kräutermedizin eingesetzt wird.
Bockshornklee wird oftmals eingesetzt, um den Blutzucker- und Cholesterinspiegel zu optimieren und die hormonelle Gesundheit bei Männern und Frauen zu fördern. Bei stillenden Frauen kann es
überdies den Milchfluss anregen und bei Männern die Testosteronausschüttung erhöhen. An dieser Stelle wird ein Therapieprotokoll nach dem
Zyklus notwendig, um Ihre natürliche Testosteronhormonproduktion anzukurbeln und die Auswirkungen steigender Östrogenmengen in Ihrem Körper zu minimieren.
Eine Testosteronersatztherapie (TRT) kann dann verschrieben werden, wenn mehrere Symptome eines niedrigen Testosteronspiegels
auftreten und Bluttestergebnisse auf einen Mangel hinweisen. Sowohl Magnesium- als auch Zinkmangel kann durch die
Ernährung ausgeglichen werden. Zink ist ebenfalls in dunklem Gemüse, Leinsamen oder Kürbiskernen enthalten. Wie Magnesium kann auch Zinkmangel zu einem Absinken des Testosteronspiegels beitragen.
Zink kann jedoch den Testosteronspiegel nur steigern, wenn tatsächlich ein Mangel vorliegt.
[52] Wenn du bereits genügend Zink auf natürlichem Wege einnimmst,
dann bleibt der Effekt aus. Zink ist neben Vitamin-D ebenfalls
eine entscheidende Komponente bei der Testosteronproduktion.
Bei älteren Menschen optimierten Vitamin D und
Kalzium auch den Testosteronspiegel, was zu einem verringerten Sturzrisiko führte.
Für einen optimalen Gesundheits- und Hormonspiegel sollten Sie versuchen, sich wiederholende Stresssituationen in Ihrem Leben zu reduzieren. Die
Forschung hebt immer die Gefahren von Langzeitstress hervor, der den Spiegel des Hormons Cortisol erhöhen kann.
Genügend Protein zu essen kann dazu beitragen, ein gesundes Niveau aufrechtzuerhalten und den Fettabbau zu unterstützen, der auch mit Ihrem Testosteron in Verbindung steht.
Die Einnahme von Koffein und Kreatin-Monohydraten als Nahrungsergänzungsmittel kann Ihren Spiegel in Kombination mit einem Trainingsprogramm
weiter steigern. Widerstandstraining, wie Gewichtheben, ist die beste
Art von Coaching, um das testosteron tabletten kaufen apotheke (onlinelogisticsjobs.com) sowohl kurz-
als auch langfristig zu steigern.
Testosteron hilft, die Knochenproduktion zu stimulieren und die Knochendichte
aufrechtzuerhalten. Ein niedriger Testosteronspiegel kann zu schwachen Knochen und Osteoporose führen. Zu den Symptomen eines
niedrigen Testosteronspiegels gehören Müdigkeit,
Depressionen, verminderter Sexualtrieb, Konzentrations- und
Gedächtnisschwierigkeiten, verminderte Muskelmasse, erhöhtes Körperfett und Probleme
mit der Knochendichte. Wenn bei Ihnen diese Symptome auftreten, sollten Sie unbedingt einen Arzt konsultieren.
Der Testosteronspiegel kann die Stimmung und die psychische Gesundheit erheblich beeinflussen. Ein niedriger Testosteronspiegel kann zu
Erkrankungen wie Depressionen, Angstzuständen und kognitiven Schwierigkeiten führen, während ein gesunder Testosteronspiegel die Stimmung, Energie und das allgemeine Wohlbefinden steigern kann.
Es ist jedoch wichtig zu bedenken, dass plötzliche,
drastische Veränderungen des Testosteronspiegels Nebenwirkungen haben können.
Shortening the interval between injections brought about
sustained signs of supraphysiological markers
of excess free testosterone, oestradiol and dihydrotestosterone.
The short-term concern of a few weeks of some breast tissue swelling, nipple tenderness, water retention and acne was bad sufficient,
but to have sustained symptoms was insupportable. Also referred to as Undecanoic Acid;
1-Decanecarboxylic acid; Hendecanoic acid; Undecylic acid.
Undecanoate isn’t a commonly found ester,
and solely appears for use in the nandrolone preparation Dynabolan,
and oral testosterone undecanoate (Andriol ).
Since this ester is chemically very similar to undecylenate
(it is only 2 hydrogen atoms larger), it has a similar launch period (approximately 2-3 weeks).
Although this ester is used within the oral preparation Andriol, there is not any purpose to imagine it carries any properties distinctive of other
esters.
If you can get nearly double the milligram amount for a similar value with enanthate, this is the better product to go with palms down. Amongst the esters examined
right here, testosterone undecanoate has the
longest half-life, round 16 to 20 days, and when controlled through intramuscular infusion, its half-life broadens a lot additional, as long as a while.
This takes into consideration exceptionally rare dosing plans, like once
each 10 to 14 weeks, making it an incredibly advantageous
choice for long haul therapy, however at the expense of less precise command over testosterone levels.
Testosterone (17β-Hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one) is the primary male Anabolic steroids reviews (nextalentpartners.com)-androgenic steroid.
The crystal constructions of two medium and two lengthy esterified forms of
testosterone, together with enanthate, cypionate, decanoate and undecanoate, had been determined by X-ray single crystal
diffraction. The samples had been additionally characterised by
powder X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy and thermal evaluation (DTA,
TG).
Its delayed supply profile implies that it stays in the framework longer than a couple of different types of testosterones.
Understanding how lengthy Testosterone Decanoate stays in your framework is fundamental for dealing with its restorative
use, possible secondary effects, and for opponents, exploring doping tests.
There is appreciable variation in the half-life of unbound testosterone, starting from 10 to one hundred minutes.
Esters are attached to the testosterone molecule by a course of called hydrolysis.
Laurate is completely found within the veterinary
nandrolone preparation Laurabolin, perhaps seen as
barely advantageous over a decanoate ester
due to a less frequent injection schedule. Again athletes will most commonly
inject this drug weekly, little doubt partly because of its
low power (25mg/ml or 50mg/ml). Additionally referred to as heptanoic
acid; enanthic acid; enanthylic acid; heptylic acid;
heptoic acid; Oenanthylic acid; Oenanthic acid.
Enanthate is amongst the most distinguished esters utilized in steroid manufacture (most commonly seen with testosterone but can also be utilized in different
compounds like Primobolan Depot). Enanthate
will release a gradual (yet fluctuating as all esters are) stage of hormone
for roughly days. Although in medicine enanthate compounds are often injected on a bi-weekly
or monthly foundation, athletes will inject no less than weekly to help keep
a uniform blood degree.
Also known as decanoic acid; capric acid; caprinic acid; decylic acid, Nonanecarboxylic acid.
The Decanoate ester is mostly used with the hormone nandrolone (as in Deca-Durabolin ) and is present in nearly all
corners of the world. Testosterone decanoate is also
the longest appearing constituent in Sustanon, tremendously extending its launch length.
The release time with Decanoate compounds is listed to be
so lengthy as one month, though most recently we are discovering that ranges appear to drop considerably after two weeks.
Propionate would after all come out on top of the three, releasing a
measurable (but not significant) quantity more testosterone per injection than cypionate or enanthate.
The alternative on which testosterone ester to utilize
will depend on a number of variables, including the affected
person’s way of life, their aversion to changes in chemical levels, and their inclination with reference to infusion recurrence.
This requires extra continuous week by week infusions to keep up with stable testosterone levels.
We have had great success in achieving not only sustainable steady ranges with
the usage of testosterone enanthate/cypionate, but
also the subjective and objective qualitative and quantitative
modifications that every affected person has
sought from TRT. While the vast majority of our sufferers are on Testosterone Cypionate as this is our gold standard,
some of my sufferers are fortunate enough to have their testosterone prescribed via the NHS, beneath my guidance
and supervision. Have a learn of the testimonials page of our website to see the positive impression that gold standard
TRT, scientific input and care has had on our patients.
This is why we rigorously titrate the prescribed dose
of testosterone and HCG based on effect. TRT should be personalised as we are all biologically distinctive, you cannot have
a one measurement suits all approach to hormonal health.
Additionally referred to as Hexanoic acid; hexanoate; n-Caproic Acid; n-Hexoic
acid; butylacetic acid; pentiformic acid;
pentylformic acid; n-hexylic acid; 1-pentanecarboxylic acid;
hexoic acid; 1-hexanoic acid; Hexylic acid; Caproic acid.
This ester is equivalent to isocarpoate in phrases of atom depend and weight, however is
laid out barely completely different (Isocaproate has a cut up
configuration, tough to clarify right here however
simple to see on paper). Release length would be similar to
isocaproate (levels sustained for roughly one weak),
perhaps coming slightly closer to enanthate as a result
of its straight chain.
Each medicines have become effective instruments in rectifying
the low content material of hormone quantities amongst hypogonadal males.
Comparison of Undecanoate vs Decanoate can present the contrasting features between these two formulations of male hormones and understand their individual qualities.
The extra prolonged a radioactive component endures, the more noteworthy
the potential for delayed openness to radiation, which may construct the gamble of malignant growth and hereditary imperfections.
This is particularly disturbing for populaces residing close to locations of atomic mishaps or the place atomic weapons testing happened.
To treat illnesses in hormone therapeutic, two totally different
types of the identical steroid current Testosterone Decanoate and Undecanoate medicines.
However, their chemical compositions, properties,
and therapeutic applications differ considerably. In order to correctly select an acceptable choice,
each medical service specialists and persons need to grasp these disparities.
Testosterone Decanoate is a long-acting ester of testosterone,
which is far of the time utilized in testosterone trade therapy and for the aim of
lifting weights.