By Prof. Anura Wijayapala
A common unfortunate experience shared by Sri Lankans is being exposed to clouds of unpleasant emissions from internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. This is a growing challenge, especially considering Sri Lanka’s ageing vehicle fleets. Accordingly, 70% of Sri Lanka’s total air pollution is attributed to the transport sector.
According to statistics released by PUCSL, there are more than 1.1 million internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles operating in Sri Lanka excluding three wheelers and motor bicycles. There are over one million three wheelers and over 4.5 million motor cycles all running on ICEs. Still, fewer than 10,000 electric vehicles (EVs) on the roads while there are substantial number of plug-in hybrids (PHEVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) which are powered mainly by ICEs. This means that the development of Sri Lanka’s transport sector has created a significant economic burden in the past decades. It is time we modernize our vehicle fleet, which has been kept on hold due to the recent economic crisis.
Further, adding to the burden, Sri Lanka imports 100% of its fuel requirement, of which 70% is consumed by the transport sector and according to the latest official data released by the Ministry of Power and Energy, Sri Lanka’s total fuel consumption as of August 2023 stood at over LKR. 2 billion despite pretty high fuel prices.
With the depletion of global crude oil resources, uncertainty in global price hikes, and current environmental issues such as climate change, air pollution, and noise pollution, an alternative to conventional vehicles is now more than necessary.
The Minister of Transport and Highways, Dr. Bandula Gunawardane, recently unveiled a government plan 2024 to be the “E-mobility year.” As a result, there is greater interest in EVs in Sri Lanka than ever before. However, can EVs offer a viable solution for Sri Lanka’s transportation challenge?
What is the way forward?
I believe that a partial or complete replacement of ICE with EVs could lead to an overall reduction in fuel consumption further. This enables reduced emissions, which could help improve the quality of health and reduce Sri Lanka’s overall greenhouse gas emissions.
Research conducted by the University of Leeds, UK, shows that this may be a feasible option. The research found that electric cars are cheaper to own and run than petrol or diesel cars in the UK, US, and Japan, partly because of government support. It is also said that electric cars are expected to become the cheapest option, even without subsidies. However, for Sri Lanka, it is disheartening to observe that the growing demand for electric cars in 2015 was hit due to increased taxes in 2016 and an import ban on vehicles in 2020.
If Sri Lanka wishes to accelerate the growth of EVs, our government can take examples from foreign governments like the US, the UK, and China. For example, tax reduction components and providing concessions can encourage widespread EV adoption.
Adopting alternative energy sources not only contributes to foreign exchange savings on fossil fuels but also encompasses reductions in expenditures related to vehicle spare parts, maintenance accessories, and lubricants. This multifaceted approach mitigates reliance on traditional and often depleting resources and opens avenues for creating new business ventures and employment opportunities. By embracing sustainable practices, societies benefit economically, environmentally, and socially, paving the way for a more resilient and forward-thinking future.
According to the Nationally Determined Contributions report, Sri Lanka has committed to reducing GHG emissions by 25% from the energy sector and 10% from other sectors (including transportation) against the business-as-usual greenhouse gas emission projections in 2030. Therefore, accelerating the adoption of EVs can be considered a ‘win-win’ situation for Sri Lanka and its people.
One of the best ways of achieving this target for Sri Lanka would be to follow the Norwegian government’s example. They plan to make all new cars sold in the country zero-emission by 2025, primarily focusing on electric or hydrogen-powered vehicles. As of the end of 2022, 20% of registered cars in Norway were battery-electric vehicles (BEVs), holding a market share of 79.2%. This rapid transition is credited to well-implemented policies and various government incentives; as such, Sri Lanka can also decide on following similar policy-based principles.
The role of energy
In 2022, Sri Lanka’s overall electricity generation amounted to 15.9 terawatt-hours, as reported by Ceylon Electricity Boards Statistical report . Additionally, renewables constituted 52.1% of the total electricity generation in the same year, according to data from the same report.
Hence, even with the widespread adoption of electric vehicles, the increase in electricity demand is not expected to significantly impact the government’s overall electricity production or grid capacity in Sri Lanka over the next decade. For example, by encouraging EV charging during off-peak times with lower tariffs, overall load curve of the electricity demand can be further flattened, making the capital investments more efficient.
Based on this data, it is evident that individuals, even without solar power, will be able to discover that running an electric vehicle is much more cost-effective than using an ICE vehicle in Sri Lanka.
Diesel used in power plants can generate more electricity than directly using it in vehicles. While a litre of fuel in an ICE vehicle covers 10-12 km, that same amount in an efficient power plant can produce about 5 units of electricity. Even accounting for a hypothetical loss of 1 unit during generation, transmission and distribution, the remaining 4 units can power a vehicle for approximately 24 km. This demonstrates the efficiency and environmental advantages of using diesel for electricity generation compared to its direct combustion in transportation.
For those already utilizing solar power, there is zero cost involved. However, for non-solar users, a maximum domestic electricity charge will cost approximately Rs. 80. In contrast, an external charging facility supplied by the service provider costs approximately Rs. 160 per unit at present. Whatever the source, it is still economically sensible. Even at Rs. 160 per unit, when an EV runs 6km, it costs a little over 25 Rs/km while ICE engine driven vehicles will cost significantly more. This is in addition to a very much lower vehicle maintenance costs.
Advancements in Technology
Further, we have seen a vast improvement in battery technology, which has changed the EV industry—introducing energy-efficient batteries that extend the overall travel range and charge time.
The inaugural Nissan Leaf, introduced in 2010, featured a modest 24kWh battery with a driving range of 100 km to 135 km when charged overnight. Over the years, the industry has undergone a paradigm shift witnessing a significant leap in energy storage capabilities. Currently, the 3rd generation of electric cars hold a 60 kWh battery, which enables EVs to extend their driving range beyond 350 km to 450 km on a single charge in under 45 minutes or less.
The synergy of innovation, engineering prowess, together with crash and post-crash safety tests has culminated in these cutting-edge batteries, affirming the viability of electric vehicles as a practical, safe and formidable alternative in the global automotive landscape.
To illustrate, let’s take the most commonly used EV in Sri Lanka and the latest addition to the market—BYD, introduced through the recent partnership with John Keells Holdings PLC, aimed at providing zero-emission vehicles to Sri Lanka.
| Model | Nissan Leaf | BYD Dolphin |
| Year of manufacture | 2015 | 2023 |
| Range | 135 km | 410 |
| Battery technology | 24 kWh lithium-ion | 44.9 kWh LFP blade battery |
Consumer benefits
The total private cost of ownership of cars includes the purchase price and depreciation, taxation, insurance, and fuel or electricity infusion. Let us first factor in the most crucial cost-effectiveness calculation when choosing an EV over an ICE vehicle.
Similarly, maintenance costs play a significant role in comparing traditional ICE vehicles to electric cars. ICE vehicles incur substantial expenses for engine upkeep as they age. Routine tasks such as changing engine oil, coolant, transmission fluid, and belts contribute to the overall cost of ownership.
In contrast, electric cars lack internal combustion engines, eliminating these specific maintenance expenses. The most substantial maintenance cost for an electric vehicle typically arises from replacing the battery pack, an expense that may only occur after 10 to 13 years of use. This demonstrates that using electric vehicles is the most cost-effective solution for consumers.
In conclusion, I have personally experienced the advantages of transitioning to an EV, particularly evident during the peak of the fuel crisis when I avoided long queues at gas stations. Despite owning an older EV, I have enjoyed substantial cost savings in terms of both fuel purchases and maintenance expenses. I am confident that these benefits can be extended to other vehicle users, especially with the introduction of newer, high-quality EVs entering the market.
This positive trend underscores the need for the government to actively promote the adoption of EVs in Sri Lanka. A gradual and sustainable phase-out of ICE vehicles over the coming years is crucial. Such a transition not only aligns with the aspirations of the Sri Lankan population, providing affordable mobility for all but also brings significant advantages to both the government and the economy. It is imperative for policymakers to encourage and facilitate the increased influx of EVs, marking a transformative and environmentally responsible shift in the automotive landscape.
A complete of forty individuals had been put in every of case and management teams.
This is when a breast most cancers tumor of any size has unfold to the breast pores and skin or chest wall and to
9 or fewer lymph nodes in the area. Right Now, a bunch of various genomic markers
may help decide personalised remedy choices. But at
the time of Randee’s preliminary prognosis, there have been limited treatment options out there tailor-made to specific genomic
markers.
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If the imbalances are severe, then more vital issues can happen,
such as arthritis, fibromyalgia, anxiousness, cardiac issues, osteoporosis to name a
number of. Testosterone remedy includes injections, patches,
and gels, which might improve bone strength and enhance sexual perform.
A woman’s cycle lasts around 28 days, while a man’s cycle is over in 24 hours.
A UA test is essential to access the chemical components
in urine and the connection to the varied ailments.
Some hormonal imbalances could be temporary while others are chronic (long-term).
In addition, some hormonal imbalances require
treatment so you probably can stay bodily wholesome, whereas others may not
influence your health however can negatively have an result on your quality of life.
Throughout this transition, many people acquire weight as a end result of
their metabolisms decelerate. You might find that even though you’re consuming
and exercising such as you often do, you still acquire weight.
Fertility can additionally be depending on healthy hormone signaling and communication. Excessive
stress, anovulation (as often occurs in PCOS), fibroids (which typically happen in a high-estrogen environment), and different hormone-related components
can all negatively impact fertility. Fortunately, early identification boosts your
chances of beating cancer. That Is why you should report signs of hormone imbalance
to your supplier instantly.
Nevertheless, Suzuki et al. admitted that nearly all the sufferers with SLE who had been examined had very low ranges of serum DHEAs10.
This outcome was supported by a comparable examine on Sjogren syndrome11, and Rheumatoid arthritis12 which insufficiency of
DHEAs might be seen in these members. SLE, Sjogren syndrome,
and RA have totally different etiopathogenesis in contrast with LP.
Out-of-control PI3K can drive the expansion of tumors,
and PIK3CA mutations are found in roughly forty
% of HR+ breast cancers, the commonest subtype. “I wound up turning into short of breath, and I had fluid round my proper lung. Her physician ordered some extra genomic testing (also called biomarker testing) to higher perceive her disease.
Prescription medications are also obtainable that may stimulate ovulation and increase your chances of becoming pregnant. The solely method to treat weight acquire from a hormone disorder is to deal with the underlying situation. Hypothyroidism, if the situation is severe, can even result in weight acquire. Hormones play an integral position in metabolism and your body’s ability to make use of vitality. Hormone circumstances, corresponding to Cushing syndrome, could cause you to turn out to be overweight or develop weight problems.
Hormonal imbalances can significantly impression a girl’s health and quality of life. Understanding the significance of hormone stability and the function of hormone imbalance testing is crucial. Whether Or Not through professional healthcare services or convenient at-home testing kits, taking the step to assess your hormonal health is significant. If you are experiencing signs that may point out a hormone imbalance, contemplate undergoing a hormone imbalance test to pave the way towards optimal well being and well-being. Saliva testing is taken into account probably the most correct when measuring the body’s availability for hormones similar to, Cortisol, DHEA, Estrogen, Progesterone, and Testosterone. When in comparison with blood testing, saliva exams measure hormone levels circulating in the bloodstream, on the cellular level.
Choices embrace treatment, surgical procedure, radiation therapy or a combination of any of those. Natural steroids for bodybuilding instance, in case you have low thyroid
hormone levels (hypothyroidism), your provider can prescribe synthetic
thyroid hormone tablets. If you could have development hormone deficiency, you’ll doubtless should take injections (shots) of
synthetic growth hormone.
Blood checks can often determine in case your levels are within the
normal range. For example, hormone changes because of menopause or having too much cortisol, as in Cushing’s syndrome, can outcome in weight
gain. Hormones are chemical messengers that have an effect on many physique processes,
corresponding to sexual perform, replica, metabolism, and mood.
For really helpful remedies, please consult with your health care provider.
House call physicians, generally called direct primary care physicians (DPC) allow
you to get the advantages of skilled testing whereas having fun with
the comfort of testing at residence. Having samples collected by
a healthcare professional significantly reduces the chances of errors in pattern collection and preparation for
lab results. Nevertheless, different kids could expertise a situation known as hypogonadism,
which means glands don’t produce enough sex hormones.
When contemplating signs and whether they apply to you, you must notice signs that
are consistent for a time frame or appear in cycles.
Leila Wehrhahn, Diplom-Oecotrophologin, gilt
als ausgewiesene Expertin auf dem Gebiet der Ernährungswissenschaften. Ihre akademische Qualifikation gepaart mit umfangreicher praktischer Erfahrung ermöglicht
es ihr, sich auf die Beratung zur optimalen Nahrungsergänzung zu spezialisieren. Durch die Kombination von fundierten ernährungswissenschaftlichen Kenntnissen mit einem anwendungsorientierten Ansatz bietet sie maßgeschneiderte
Empfehlungen zur optimalen Nahrungsergänzung.
Auch bei bestehenden Erkrankungen oder während der Einnahme von Medikamenten sollte vor der Verwendung ein Arzt konsultiert
werden. Schwangere Frauen und Stillende sollten Shilajit vermeiden, da die Sicherheit in diesen Phasen nicht ausreichend untersucht wurde (5).
Obwohl Testosteron oft als männliches Hormon angesehen wird, ist es auch wichtig für die Gesundheit von Frauen. Hohe Werte können jedoch zu
Problemen wie Akne, männlichem Haarwuchs und Menstruationsbeschwerden führen. Testosteron hilft,
die Knochenproduktion zu stimulieren und die Knochendichte aufrechtzuerhalten. Ein niedriger Testosteronspiegel kann zu schwachen Knochen haferflocken und testosteron (noarjobs.info) Osteoporose führen. Während Testosteron wichtig für die Gesundheit ist, können hohe Werte auch negative Auswirkungen haben, darunter Schlafapnoe, Herzerkrankungen, Lebererkrankungen, Akne und Stimmungsschwankungen. Ein Testosteronmangel wird durch eine Kombination aus
Symptombeurteilung und Bluttests zur Messung des Testosteronspiegels diagnostiziert.
Allerdings kann es angesichts der Fülle an Pre-Workout-Produkten auf dem Markt schwierig sein, sich zu
entscheiden. Schauen Sie sich unsere von Experten zusammengestellte Liste der besten Pre-Workout-Sporternährungsprodukte an, um die Energie zu steigern, die Konzentration zu verbessern und die Ausdauer zu verbessern. Testosteron spielt eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Regulierung des Körperfetts.
Eine schlechte Schlafqualität kann dazu führen, dass der Körper weniger Testosteron produziert.
Magnesium unterstützt Hunderte von Reaktionen im Körper und
wirkt sich positiv auf den Schlaf aus – einer der
wichtigsten Aspekte für eine gesunde Hormonproduktion. Eine ausreichende Zufuhr von Zink
kann helfen, den Testosteronspiegel zu stabilisieren und sogar zu erhöhen.
Lesen Sie im ias PREVENT-Paper „Prävention als Wirtschaftsfaktor”, wie sich Manager-Check-ups wirtschaftlich auszahlen und wie Sie gezielt die Gesundheit Ihrer Fach- und Führungskräfte verbessern können. Dabei kann es sehr wichtig sein, schon bei den ersten der genannten Anzeichen auch an einen Testosteronmangel zu denken. In stressigen Lebensphasen, bei einem ungesunden Lebensstil und/oder bestimmten Erkrankungen ist das Risiko besonders groß, einen Testosteronmangel zu entwickeln.
Zusammengerechnet sind das 5,2 Kilogramm, was sehr nah an die beobachtete Zunahme von 6,1 Kilogramm fettfreier Körpermasse durch die Kombination beider Interventionen herankommt. Mit anderen Worten konnten lediglich zero,9 Kilogramm durch einen synergistischen Effekt von Testosteron und dem Training erklärt werden. Damit du die volle Energy deiner Sexualität leben kannst, haben Sven und ich ein kostenfreies 7-Schritte-Potenz-Training entwickelt.
Dabei ist es entscheidend, realistische Erwartungen zu haben und sich nicht von populären, aber oft wenig wirksamen Produkten wie Tribulus Terrestris oder Maca-Wurzel täuschen zu lassen. Wir schreiben regelmäßig über Testosteronmangel, Potenzstörungen und andere Erkrankungen, um Ihnen fundierte Tipps, Tools und Ratschläge für den Alltag zu geben. Die Maca-Pflanze kommt aus Peru und zählt dort zu den Grundnahrungsmitteln. Besonders schwarze Maca soll die Libido und Fruchtbarkeit von Männern erhöhen. In Studien wurde bisher vor allem eine verbesserte Spermienqualität durch Maca gemessen.
Ja, es gibt Unterschiede zwischen Männern und Frauen, wenn es darum geht, den Testosteronspiegel zu steigern, sowohl in Bezug auf die Menge des Hormons als auch auf die Ansätze zur Steigerung des Testosterons. Ein frühzeitiger Check und gegebenenfalls gezielte Maßnahmen können helfen, langfristige Folgen zu vermeiden und das allgemeine Wohlbefinden zu verbessern. Zucker kann den Insulinspiegel in die Höhe treiben, was sich negativ auf deinen Testosteronspiegel auswirken kann. Bakterielle Interaktionen mit Hefen stehen im Zusammenhang mit der Aufrechterhaltung der oralen Mikrobiota. Getrocknete, pulverisierte Granatapfelschalen zeigen eine starke Hemmung von C.
Diese mehrfach ungesättigten Fette sind an zahlreichen Prozessen im Körper beteiligt. Laut Studie kann die Einnahme von Omega-3-Präparaten die Hodenfunktion verbessern, was anhand der Samenqualität und des Spiegels der Fortpflanzungshormone (u.a. Testosteron) bei gesunden Männern gemessen wurde. In dieser Studie an älteren Männern (60 bis 69) wurde ein höherer Verzehr von Fisch, allerdings insbesondere von magerem Fisch, mit höheren Testosteronwerten in Verbindung gebracht.
It dates again to foundational empirical research
with fruit flies by the biologist Angus Bateman in the mid-20th
century. But the paradigm has come under vital criticism within the scientific group.
Even among primates, purported universals like the link between male dominance and reproductive
success are better understood as common patterns rather than immutable laws.
There is nice proof that sexual selection varies not only between but additionally within species, as a function of
demography and environment. In reality, there is scientific evidence suggesting that onions might enhance
testosterone levels in men by promoting the production of the luteinising hormone, which in turn might stimulate testosterone launch.
Individuals who’ve too little testosterone in their blood should greatest search recommendation from a doctor.
In addition, hormone-balancing or testosterone-promoting measures may additionally be taken.
A meta-analysis of forty three observational research and over thirteen,000 folks discovered a
protecting function of excessive SHBG from developing type 2 diabetes, especially in women [91].
In a cell examine, the growth elements IGF-1 (insulin-like development factor), EGF (epidermal development factor),
and TGF-alpha (transforming development factor alpha) lowered SHBG manufacturing [81].
However, a research in cells advised that the impact of insulin on SHBG levels is
non-specific and reflects a reduced production of proteins [64].
You must also avoid corticosteroids and anabolic steroids to
keep your testosterone level regular. Also whereas
a low testosterone level doesn’t affect acne, therapy with testosterone supplements might trigger acne as a aspect impact [6].
The underlying cause of the hormone disruption ought to be recognized and handled accordingly to revive hormonal balance and
alleviate symptoms. In conclusion, intense physical train or weightlifting
classes can lead to a short lived increase in testosterone levels.
However, the rise is short-lived and returns to baseline levels comparatively shortly.
Whereas this temporary enhance might have some benefits
in terms of power and motivation, you will want to maintain a balanced way of life to optimize testosterone levels naturally.
In addition to TRT, there are also over-the-counter supplements that claim to boost testosterone ranges.
These dietary supplements usually contain ingredients similar to D-aspartic acid,
fenugreek extract, tribulus terrestris, and zinc, amongst others.
Testosterone is thought to stimulate the metabolism and increase the body’s general vitality expenditure.
Consequently, men with lack of ERα function exhibit extraordinarily low BMD [31].
Male patients with aromatase deficiency have a marked lower in BMD in trabecular and cortical bone.
Thus, estrogen alternative therapy in these sufferers can improve BMD [32,33].
E2 usually regulates apoptosis and function of
osteoclast, which contributes to BMD upkeep.
Levels of estrogen that are too excessive or too low can cause a
person to have well being problems. If you assume you or your youngster may have
a condition associated to low DHT or extra DHT, talk to your healthcare provider.
They can order some tests or refer you to a specialist, such as an endocrinologist.
The hair loss often happens on the highest and frontal regions of your
scalp, inflicting your hairline to recede over time.
DHT is essential for the formation of the male exterior genitalia,
together with the penis and scrotum, in a fetus. Not Often, an inherited disorder corresponding to a number of
endocrine neoplasia, kind 1 — a disorder that causes tumors in hormone-producing glands — might enhance
the risk of a prolactinoma. Because too much prolactin can disrupt the reproductive system (hypogonadism), some of the indicators and symptoms of
a prolactinoma are specific to females or males.
A testosterone deficiency that develops later in life, also referred to as late-onset hypogonadism, can sometimes be
responsible for these signs, but in many cases the signs are nothing
to do with hormones. Maintaining a wholesome weight, exercising, and limiting stress can even help promote healthy hormone levels.
Foods that are excessive in antioxidants, zinc,
magnesium, selenium, and vitamin D could help increase low testosterone ranges.
These embody oysters, shellfish, fatty fish, eggs, leafy greens, cocoa,
and extra.
Ideally, unprocessed, nutrient-rich foods – vegetables, legumes, fruits
and whole grains in particular – and healthy fat in the form of nuts, seeds and eggs are essential.
Alcohol, sugar and white flour products, then again, ought to be avoided.
Nevertheless, research demonstrates distinct variations between males
and females experiencing high testosterone.
GnRH signals the pituitary gland to launch follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
LH then travels to the testicles and stimulates the Leydig cells to provide testosterone.
Testosterone performs a big position in how the body makes use of and stores power, with greater ranges your physique metabolizes food faster.
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They journey from one organ or another place in the physique, often by
way of the bloodstream, and affect many alternative bodily processes.
This constellation of symptoms may immediate a gynecology exam, adopted by blood work, to verify hormone ranges.
In addition to its direct effects on blood strain, testosterone may not directly contribute to hypertension through
its influence on other cardiovascular threat elements.
For example, testosterone has been shown to extend body
fats and decrease insulin sensitivity, each of which can contribute to the event of hypertension. One examine conducted on a group of males discovered that these with higher testosterone levels
had significantly higher blood pressure levels in comparison with men with lower testosterone ranges.
This means that testosterone may play a job in the development of hypertension, a situation characterized by persistently hypertension. A two-month study from India reported that young males given a supplement containing cocoa seeds elevated
testosterone ranges compared to these given a placebo (inactive supplement), who had no increase.
If you could have low testosterone (known medically as hypogonadism), including these thirteen meals could
convey testosterone levels closer to where they
need to be for your age and sex.
It is also essential for a man’s sex drive (libido), the production of sperm,
and the power to have erections. Understanding how TRT impacts ejaculation requires a look
at the broader image of how testosterone influences
sexual well being. Testosterone isn’t just about libido or sexual desire; it also
performs a role within the physical elements of sexual performance.
This includes the power to get and maintain an erection,
as properly as the method of ejaculation itself.
When testosterone ranges are low, men could find that their sexual experiences are less satisfying or that
they’ve bother reaching climax. By rising testosterone ranges, TRT aims to enhance these elements of sexual health.
If you are contemplating testosterone therapy or are already on such remedy,
it’s crucial to debate together with your healthcare provider any potential risks and advantages.